Participant, Nonparticipant, Naturalistic, Overt And...

Mani Kallupurackal Evaluate participant, nonparticipant, naturalistic, overt and covert observations Participant Become part of the group you observe Form relationships with group members- may become subjective as they develop personal relationships with the members Record data on what they say, how they interact Be reflexive Researcher must reflect on their interpretation and how they are affected by joining the group Can get detailed knowledge about a group of people or phenomenon- because of the people unaware that they are being observed Attempts to reduce researcher bias because researcher is not supposed to impose their views Can provide holistic picture of a group of people or phenomenon because many aspects and characteristics can be included Problematic to record data immediately so there can be memory distortions Problematic to record data objectively since humans interpret situations in their own way Time-consuming and demanding physically and psychologically Mental resources used to become part of the group and investing in them Researcher can lose objectivity There is a risk of going native Balance detachment to retain objectivity with involvement with the group Non-participant Observer is not part of the participants, but may be in the same room. Take notes on what they say and how they interact Overt observation the participants are aware But then participants know they are being watched and may be reactive and invalidate data Covert observation theShow MoreRelatedObservational Techniques in Psychology946 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding naturalistic and controlled observations, non-participant and participant observations, structured and unstructured observations. Naturalistic observation is a research method commonly used by psychologists and other social scientists. This technique involves observing subjects in their natural environment. This type of research is often utilized in situations where conducting lab research is unrealistic, cost prohibitive, or would unduly affect the subjects behavior. Naturalistic observation

Gun Rights And Gun Control - 1842 Words

The Second Amendment (Amendment II) to the United States Constitution protects the rights of individuals, concerning the right to bear arms. Amendment II was adopted on December 15th, 1791. Gun rights and gun control groups alike have been lobbying Congress for decades to craft legislation in their respective favors. Twice in the past two years the gun issue has reached the nation’s highest court. In the 2008 Supreme Court case District of Columbia vs. Heller the court ruled that the Constitution protects an individual’s right to own a gun for personal use (Blocher, 816). Excavating the gun debate from the constitutional rubble may be a step in the right direction, as it could enable a more direct discussion of the proper role of gun rights and gun control in the United States, freeing from misunderstandings and misinterpretations of constitutional doctrine (Blocher, 815). In class we examined the four prerequisites for conflict to emerge, the first step being â€Å"How a group identity is established?† In the case of Gun Rights and Gun Control, group identity is established by the founding fathers, along side amendment II. The United States is considered a free state, and Amendment II articulates that in order to keep the free state, citizens must hold the right to keep and bear arms (de. Leeuw, 1455/1458). The presence of armed citizens is what keeps the government honest. An Ascribed Identity is a characteristic you are born with; most, if not all people in this countryShow MoreRelatedGun Rights And Gun Control994 Words   |  4 PagesIn recent times, gun control is becoming a social issue in the US after the many incidents or accident happened related to the gun owner’s kill’s people at the social places. Gun rights means the every person have right to take or carry guns for their self protection is created controversial iss ue related to criminal justice that needed the requirement for the gun control to stop people from killing each other. Moreover, on 2 Dec, 2015, two suspects those opened fire in a California social serviceRead MoreGun Rights And Gun Control1405 Words   |  6 PagesGuns right now in the nation of the United States of America are at the center of a heated debate on how they should be handled. With Civilians and politicians alike arguing over how they should be regulated we have many arguments for the pros and cons of both sides. Gun control is now one of the most talked about subject in the country due to the vast amount of mass murders and school shootings that have been taken place in recent years. However, even with all this gun violence taken place it seemsRead MoreGun Control Gun Rights873 Words   |  4 PagesStates have gun control or gun rights? This is a question many people ask and argue over. As a citizen of this country, I would like to examine both sides of the argume nt and then pick my view on the topic. As of right now, the United States have more gun rights than gun control. However, there have been laws made to regulate the sale and possession of guns. Many anti-gun activists argue that the NRA (National Rifle Association) is the cause of many of the horrific events involving guns. On the otherRead MoreGun Rights And Gun Control1775 Words   |  8 PagesSince the very beginning of the United States, gun rights and gun control have comprised one the most controversial debates of the county. On one hand gun rights advocates believe that the right to bear arms is a basic human that should not be in any way violated, and on the other hand gun control advocates have long been thriving for a complete ban of guns. The debate has grown over time from reasonable arguments for gun rights and regulations to an ideologically polarized and extreme argument,Read MoreGun Control And Gun Rights Essay1888 Words   |  8 Pagesabortion, discrimination, raci sm, gun control and gun rights. Guns have been a hotly debated topic for decades now. There are many different reasons for why it is such a prevalent issue such as, safety, constitutional rights, self defense, mental health, and many more. The two sides of gun control and gun rights see the social issue differently. One side views guns as a safety hazard that needs to be fixed, and the pro gun side view that guns are a Constitutional right that should not be infringed.Read MoreGun Control Versus Gun Rights1645 Words   |  7 Pages2017 Gun Control versus Gun Rights Gun control is a controversial topic that is widely discussed in the United States. The call for gun control came during the 1960’s when many famous figures were assassinated. Today Gun Right’s Activist believes we should not infringe on the Second Amendment. While Gun Control Activist believe we should take precautions to protect people from gun violence. The republicans typically are against gun control while democrats are for gun control. Gun control is a hotRead MoreGun Rights Vs. Gun Control856 Words   |  4 PagesGun control is an extremely controversial issue in the United States, and the debates around this topic has started many decades ago. According to the article â€Å"Gun Rights vs. Gun control† by Brianna Gurciullo, these debates are fueled by the people who defend the gun rights and the people who advocate in favor of gun control. It has been difficult to prove that gun ownership is directly related to an increase in violence due to the fact tha t researches tend to disagree on the impact of gun ownershipRead MoreThe Rights Of Gun Control1263 Words   |  6 PagesGun control has been a controversial issue for many years. A vast majority of citizens believe that if gun control is strictly enforced it would quickly reduce the threat of crime. Many innocent people feel they have the right to bear arms for protection, or even just the pleasure of hunting. Americans have a constitutional right to own hand guns and stricter laws and licensing will not affectively save lives. The second amendment states â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the securityRead MoreGun Control Vs. Gun Rights968 Words   |  4 PagesGun Control vs. Gun Rights With conservatives, liberals, and moderates continuously arguing about what is right for this country or what is morally or politically correct, we are forced to find a compromised middle-ground, because it can be the difference between life and death in many unfortunate cases. Conservatives believe that The Second Amendment allows citizens the right to bear arms and protect their individual, inalienable rights. They believe that there are too many gun control laws andRead MoreGun Control Vs. Gun Rights1099 Words   |  5 PagesReflection Paper One: Gun Control Vs. Gun Rights Whether you gather your information from the newspaper, radio, or a website, you have certainly been exposed to one of the most controversial, current debates. It seems that the media refuses to stop talking about this topic. In fact, as soon as the press over one event disappears another event seems to revive the debate. Some citizens say that we need more restrictive gun laws. Meanwhile, other Americans say that more guns are what is necessary.

Religious Pluralism in Christian and Islamic Philosophy

Questions: 1. Relevance of content: Is the content of your teaching material relevant to your chosen topic?2. Length, structure and organization of content: Have you organized your material in a clear, logical manner? Is it the correct length?3. Quality of analysis, critical thinking, interpretation of issues, creativity: Have you demonstrated awareness of alternative interpretations of key theological themes and concepts? Is your teaching material supported by evidence/examples drawn from the Christian tradition? Does your teaching material encourage others to critically engage with different points of views?4. Level of knowledge of and engagement with a range of appropriate material: Have you engaged sufficiently with the theological literature? Have you referred to at least two theological textbooks? Are these correctly referenced in your teaching notes and presentation materials?5. Level of understanding of subject specific terminology and concepts: Have you shown that you understand subjec t specific terminology and concepts? Does your teaching material show evidence of your ability to communicate these clearly and effectively?6. Literacy: includes attention to style, spelling, punctuation and grammar.7. Communication and teaching skills: Have you included a mix of input from yourself, discussion activities, possibly stimulus activities, and, engagement with Scripture and Christian theology? Answers: Introduction Start the teaching session with a small video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DhjoU5KgP90 on how Christianity believes in Jesus today and how they are influenced by His work. Today, in this meeting, the topic we are going to learn is The significance of the work of Christ for Christian life and ministry. To make this teaching session even more successful, we will first emphasize on how Jesus Christ sacrificed His life based on His active obedience and passive obedience. This session further continues with the stimulus activities and the theological perspective of Christs work in favour of the common being. Ultimately, the session will be wrapped up with the awareness and the engagement associated with both the positive and the negative point of views on the selected theological perspective. Begin the main teaching session by presenting an audio-visual clip on the active and the passive obedience in the USA: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fifEp__PtEY. Small group Activity(5-7 minutes): Select some participants and ask them to portray their view of active and passive obedience like it is explained in John 15:4-11. Ask the remaining laypeople for feedback to understand whether they are proceeding with the correct knowledge or not. Christs work for Christianity and their ministry Plenary discussion: Ask the people the purpose to study the life of Christ. Present your view on the importance of Jesus work for Christian civilization and ask them to repeat along with you: Realise the doctrine of union with the point of view point of the Lord. Ask the people of the church whether they are united with Christ and follow the teaching of Jesus. Make them understand about the Scriptural teaching with the work of Christ Tell them that Jesus raises the morality in Christians by sacrificing for the society who are in opposition to him and pray for their salvation. Make the church people realize that Jesus works for the union of the humanity. He unites all the people even those individuals who are not aware of His existence. Furthermore, explain the fact to the people that according to The Holy Bible, one who follows Christianity and Jesus will achieve the ultimate salvation while the others can obtain the counterfeit to the redemption, thus making everyone aware of His existence and importance of his work (Macaskill 2013). The term union resembles the establishment of the relationship with the Lord through compassion taught by Christ. Make the laypeople knowledgeable about the importance of Jesus work by saving the relationship taken by grace, responsiveness, inter-relationships and interaction among one another. Tell them the importance relies on the fact that Jesus makes the Christian Ministry about their identity and the person they are becoming. Small activity(5 minutes) To recognize the knowledge of the laypeople, ask them what they learn from the aspect of personal union. Moreover, whether they agree on the essentiality of the two concerns the God Himself and own self? For the sake of saving the relationships, ask the laypeople to share their experience about the relationship of marriage thereby living together and sharing a life. Human Salvation Discussion question: What is salvation? Ask the laypeople about their understanding of Salvation. The term salvation means how God made His judgement on the sinner. Some people believes that Salvation can be achieved by escaping from the Evil and bad things while God judges those people also who sinned in opposition to them. Salvation can only be found in Jesus. You may teach the lay people about the verse 2 Cor. 5:21 that depict He made him, who knew no sin to be sin on our behalf that we might become the righteousness of God in him. Teach the church people about Eph. 2:8 for a better understanding of the term salvation. Question for discussion (5 mins): Ask people to identify the passage regarding salvation in the Holy Bible. - What do these passages represent about the Human Salvation? - Probable examples: John 1:12, John 3:16, John 14:6 Romans 1:16, Romans 3:9, Romans 6:23, Romans 10:9 and Ephesians 2:8, Ephesians 2:9 Jesus Christ dies for the sin of the people even though they crucified him until death. He rose from His grave after paying the penalty for their sins, hence saves them from ultimate punishments. This also resembles that an innocent person dies for the guilty people. Trinity Question for discussion: What do you mean by the Trinity? Ask them whether they are aware of the fact of the three different figures or persons in one God in the form of God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit. Ask the laypeople for repeating those three verses, which defines the above said Trinity aspects. John 6:27 Jesus Christ referred to his Father as God. Isaiah 9:6 For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, and The Prince of Peace. Of the increase of his government and peace, there shall be no end. Acts 4:10; Rom. 8:11 After declaring that God raised Christ from the dead, the New Testament goes on to credit the Holy Spirit with theresurrection. The significance of the Trinity for the Christianity- Tell the laypeople about the importance of the Doctrine of Trinity for the Christianity and their ministry. Depict relevant theories relating to the concerned topic. The first person Father sends His Son for sacrificing His life for the ordinary person so that the individual of the world may save from the curse. The second person of the Trinity that is the Son can conquer death and sin through His glorious restoration by rising from His grave and make the people of Christianity saved from all kinds of devils. (Galatians 2:20) also says, Son of God has become God of Son. Ultimately, considering the third person of the Trinity that is The Holy Spirit, which comprise of: Having attributes that only God can possess (1 Cor. 2:10) Omniscience and (1 Cor. 6:19) Omnipresence. The Holy Spirit also has the power to control the life and death of people (Jn 3:5-6; Tit 3:5). (1 Cor. 6:11) depicts The Spirit of our God" must have to be one "the Spirit, who is our God". Among numerous theological perspectives, the perspective that you may take is the Religious Pluralism. Theological perception on Doctrine of God Make the laypeople of the church aware about the theological perspectives on Religion Pluralism. In Acts: Ask people about the essential primary Doctrines, which resemble the favour of the Christian faith. Plenary Discussion: Make your people understand about the doctrines explained in The Holy Bible: John 8:58 with Exodus 3:14 (Deity of Christ) Ephesians 2:8 (Salvation by Grace) 1 Cor. 15:14--17 (Resurrection of Christ) 1:8-9, NIV ( The Gospel) Exodus 20:3, Isaiah 43:10, 44:6,8 (Monotheism) In Acts: There are in total 5 verses in the Holy Bible relying on the fact whether salvation can only be achieved by following salvation, when there are other religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism through which salvation can be achieved. Plenary discussion: Ask the laypeople to read aloud the reply to those quotations and identify the elements that they perceived concerning the theological perception of the religion plurality. Roman 10:13 and John 14:6 ( Human Salvation, Christianity) Acts 4:12 (Human Salvation, Christianity) 1 John 5:11-12 (Doctrine, Trinity) John 10:7-10 (Human Salvation) Mathews 7:13-15 (Human Salvation) In Acts: There are 3 other sayings where The Bible upholds the fact that, those who do not know the existence of Jesus follows can achieve salvation only by doing good to others . They can choose the path of helping others without any arrogance to gain the mercy of Jesus and hence can obtain salvation. Plenary Discussion: James 4:17 (Those who not do good to other, gained the Sin) Ezekiel 18:32 (Getting rid form all the offences) Psalm 87:4-6 (Mention of Rahab and Babylon) Discussion Question: Ask the laypeople about the Revelation, Religion. Revelation: Ask the people to distinguish between General Revelation and Special Revelation. - General Revelation is knowledge of God that enables a person to perceive the knowledge of right and right. This knowledge is obtained through nature also resembles as basic morality. In Acts: 1:18-20 (Knowledge of God) 2:14-15 (Knowledge of Morality) 19,20,21 (Only God as creator) Plenary discussion: - Special revelation is a term that is followed by the Christian Theologians that resembles all the spiritual matter related to the knowledge of God which can be only exposed by the means of supernatural acts like miracles probably the disclosure of the Gods truth. In Acts: Matthew 28:18-20 (Living Under Christs Authority) Plenary discussion: Ask the laypeople to repeat along with you All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on hearth. Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age Teach them that Chapter 28 of Matthew focuses on Faith in Jesus and the hope of His disciples for His return after His death. You may also make them knowledgeable about the two simple actualities presented in The Bible. One- God is our only Creator and thus He has all the rights to direct the life of communal folks. Two- Those people associated with Sin can never achieve their guiltless personality unless they will return to the Lord, with readiness to accept all their Sin. Religion: Discussion question: Invite people to share their thoughts on the existence of Jesus and achieve salvation through Christianity. You may ask to share any experience of their friends or acquaintances believes and disbelieves in the existence of Christianity. Critical Evaluation for the Religious Pluralism Discussion Question: Ask them to convey their philosophy on the concerned fact. You may educate them with the Cultural and theological perspective of the religious pluralism. There are many, who believe that there is only one religion, that is Christianity, and those who believe in Jesus will surely get the way towards the salvation. As mentioned in John 14:6, those who called Jesus will be saved and Jesus is the only way for commending the truth of life. Furthermore, James 4:17 mentions that for the person who is not aware of Jesus can choose the counterfeit for the achievement of Salvation. You may ask your laypeople of the church about some of the moralizing doctrines related to the advancement of the Christianity Society and Ministry (Rom. 1:18-31). Teach the lay people that Christianity that they: Worship as a God: The Trinity makes the Christian Faith a unique one and makes Christianity resist on a single Father, Son and the Spirit. Worship as a Triune Creator God: Christian Theologians distinguish between the Gods general and special revelation. Worship as a Triune Creator and Redeemer: Jesus revealed himself to the entire humanity in the universe. Romans 1:18-32 portrays that The Lord is considered as a Priori and a Posteriori that depicts The Lord was and will there before and after the life of any individual. Discussion Question: Comprehend out the quotation Neither is there salvation in any other: for there is none another name under heaven given among men, whereby we must be saved. John 11:25-25 also conveys that Jesus himself says that who believes in Jesus, even if he dies will never die; however, who live and believes in Jesus will never die and hence will work for the betterment of the Christianity by saving them from sin. Conclusion We have followed all the necessary aspects that Jesus has done for Christianity and their ministry. Moreover, theological perception on Doctrine of God and their efficiency in the life of the Common being is explained. Discussed the Trinity of God that resembles the three forms of Gods existence and how they influence the Christianity. Furthermore, in the Critical evaluation it is concluded that Salvation can be achieved from other religions as well; however, the only difference is by following any other religion, people may achieve the imitation of Salvation by doing good to the others and they will further be saved from all Sin. References Aslan, A., 2013. Religious pluralism in Christian and Islamic philosophy: the thought of John Hick and Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Routledge. Barrett, M.P., 2016. Beginning at Moses: A Guide to Finding Christ in the Old Testament.Ambassador International. Bok, J., 2014. Symbolic Filtering: Selectively Permeable Evangelical Boundaries in an Age of Religious Pluralism. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 53(4), pp.808-825. Campbell, C.R., 2015. Paul and Union with Christ: An Exegetical and Theological Study. Harper Collins. Carson, D.A., 2012. Christ and culture revisited. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. Corrigan, J., Denny, F., Jaffee, M.S. and Eire, C., 2016.Jews, Christians, Muslims: a comparative introduction to monotheistic religions. Routledge. Daggers, J., 2013.Postcolonial theology of religions: particularity and pluralism in world Christianity. Routledge. Kierkegaard, S., 2015.Training in Christianity.Princeton University Press. Macaskill, G., 2013. Union with Christ in the New Testament.OUP Oxford. McGrath, A.E., 2012. Historical theology: An introduction to the history of Christian thought. John Wiley Sons. Migliore, D.L., 2014. Faith seeking understanding: An introduction to Christian theology. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. Niebuhr, R., 2012.An interpretation of Christian ethics.Westminster John Knox Press. Pardue, S.T., 2013. The mind of Christ: humility and the intellect in early Christian theology. AC Black. Samartha, S.J., 2015. One Christ--Many Religions: Toward a Revised Christology. Wipf and Stock Publishers. Stott, J., 2012. Basic Christianity.InterVarsity Press. Van Voorst, R., 2014. Readings in Christianity. Cengage Learning. Williams, M., 2012.How to Read the Bible through the Jesus Lens: A Guide to Christ-Focused Reading of Scripture. Zondervan. Yong, A., 2014. Beyond the impasse: Toward a pneumatological theology of religion. Wipf and Stock Publishers.

Recitatif by Toni Morrison Summary and Analysis Example For Students

Recitatif by Toni Morrison Summary and Analysis Nowadays, race is considered more as an ideological or social construct rather than just a biological fact. This phenomenon is visible in many literary works. Toni Morrison, who is against all literary racism, presents in her works a new way to read American literature and enables the reader to see the hard racial truths that it contains. In her experimental short story Recitatif she purposely deprives her characters of their racial identity and creates ambiguity by constantly oscillating between racial codes that might apply both to black and white people. Morrison challenges the readers expectations and any solution that is based on stereotypes by first creating and then re-creating the characters racial identity. Her aim, by doing so, is to make the reader aware of the racial stereotypes, which are often contradictory. Toni Morrisons Recitatif has lyrical and ironical undertones, achieved by such narrative strategies as allusions to race stereotypes, racism, perception of racial otherness, reversal and indirection. She plays with the readers expectations by many plot enigmas, language tricks and storyline gaps. She also encourages the reader to deeper engagement with the text and much closer reading. Such textual elements push the reader to solve the mysteries, fill in the gaps, and thereby complete the story. By participating in making meaning out of the text, readers experience the story on a much deeper level than they otherwise would. Furthermore, they respond on a meta-analytical level, encouraged to consider why the texts elements influenced their responses in particular ways. Morrison starts her story with reference to the issue of race and pretends to donate their characters and the reader with the notion of race. Two main characters Twyla and Roberta are eight-year-old girls who grow up in St. Bonnys orphanage because their mothers could not take a proper care of them. The author makes it clear that the girls are form different ethnic background. In the beginning of the story Twyla makes a comment we looked like salt and pepper, however, does not mention who was white and who was black. Even the girls names are misleading because both Roberta and Twyla are names usually associated with African-Americans. On the other hand, both names have English origins, and white girls are also named by these names. In the beginning of the story we get to know how the racial difference was perceived by the girls. When Twyla gets to know that her roommate will be a girl of a different race it makes her feel sick to her stomach. She says It was one thing to be taken out of your own bed early in the morning it was something else to be stuck in a strange place with a girl from a whole other race. This sense of an impossible-to-cross racial divide inhibits Twyla and Robertas friendship throughout the whole story. In the beginning of Recitatif the author gives a hint, a very misleading one, that Roberta is the one who is black. Twyla says that her mother told her that they never washed their hair and they smelled funny. Roberta sure did. A white reader instinctively makes an assumption that Roberta is black because according to a well-known stereotype black people are those who smell funny. However, white people often forget that for black people the whites are those who actually smell funny. The quoted passage is also misleading because Twylas mother might have been talking about children raised in an orphanage, who are not bathed properly and consequently smelling funny. When the girls mothers are presented to the reader it does not get any easier to decide who is white and who is African-American. Twyla describes Robertas mother as follows: She was big. Bigger than any man and on her chest was the biggest cross Id ever seen. I swear it was six inches long each way. And in the crook of her arm was the biggest Bible ever made. This description suggests a stereotypical black person big, wearing a huge cross and carrying a Bible. But again it might be very misleading. Not only African-Americans are associated with such image of a very religious person. It also resembles very religious white people living in the Bible Belt an area in the south in which socially conservative Christian Evangelical Protestantism is a dominant part of the culture. The name is derived from a heavy emphasis on literal interpretations of the Bible in the local denominations. Mary Twylas mother, is also presented in a very ambiguous way. It is written that she looked so beautiful even in those ugly green slacks that made her behind stick out. It is a common stereotype that black people generally have larger behinds than the whites. That is why one can assume that Mary was black. However, she might have been just a heavy white woman with a large bottom. There is a Problem with Having Cable Television on College Campuses Eleven o'clock on a Tuesday night EssayOne of the very significant characters of Recitatif is Maggie a figure of racial ambiguity. She is a mute, bowlegged kitchen woman at St. Bonnys orphanage. Important thing that Twyla says about her is that she was sandy-colored but at the time of her being in the orphanage she had assumed that Maggie was white. Later, when the women meet at the picket, Roberta suggests to Twyla that Maggie was black, saying: Youre the same little state kid who kicked a poor old black lady when she was down on the ground. Twyla does not seem to be as concerned about the fact of kicking Maggie, as about the color of her skin. Her thoughts perfectly demonstrate it: What was she saying? Black? Maggie wasnt black. She replies Roberta that She wasnt black. Maggies color seems very important for the story as it becomes almost an obsession with Twyla. At her sons graduation, when she did not encounter Roberta there, she rationalizes her lack of concern about the kicking of Maggie as she reflects on her argument with Roberta a years before. It didnt trouble me much what she had said to me in the car. I mean the kicking part. I know I didnt do that, I couldnt do that. Then her thoughts return to Maggies color: But I was puzzled by her telling me Maggie was black. When I thought about it I actually couldnt be certain. She wasnt pitch-black, I knew, or I would have remembered that. () I tried to reassure myself about the race thing for a long time until it dawned on me that the truth was already there, and Roberta knew it. But Roberta wasnt sure about Maggies color either, and at their last meeting a couple of years later, Roberta admits it: Listen to me. I really did think she was black. I didnt make that up. I really thought so. But now I cant be sure. Maggies significance is confirmed when in the last sentence of the story Roberta cries out: What the hell happened to Maggie? Through the trick in her story, Morrison calls the readers to reconsider their own reading of racial codes and prejudices. She reveals the relativity of all racial stereotypes. The trick that Morrison uses centers on the childish naivity and the cunning ambiguity in the presentation of characters as well as the simple tone of the story. She deprives her characters and the readers of the racial codes and signs and brings the arbitrariness of the race issue into question. The readers end up questioning their previous judgments and associations about race. Recitatif proves to be a noteworthy experiment which is toying with the readers emotions and effectively noting racial stereotypes and their characteristics. In her work of literary criticism Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination Morrison shows how language imposes stereotypes in literary works of classic American authors. In Recitatif she gives clues about racial identity of her characters and consequently forces the readers to consider the usual ways in which race is presented in literature. The best conclusion of this essay is a fragment of Playing in the Dark which follows: I am a black writer struggling with and through a language that can powerfully evoke and enforce hidden signs of racial superiority, cultural hegemony, and dismissive othering of people and language which are by no means marginal or already and completely known and knowable in my work. My vulnerability would lie in romanticizing blackness rather than demonizing it; vilifying whiteness rather than reifying it. The kind of work I have always wanted to do requires me to learn how to maneuver ways to free up the language from its sometimes sinister, frequently lazy, almost always predictable employment of racially informed and determined chains. (The only short story I have ever written, Recitatif, was an experiment in the removal of all racial codes from a narrative about two characters of different races for whom racial identity is crucial.)

William Faulkner Essays (2836 words) - Literature,

William Faulkner William Faulkner is viewed by many as America's greatest writer of prose fiction. He was born in New Albany, Mississippi, where he lived a life filled with good times as well as bad. However, despite bad times he would become known as a poet, a short story writer, and finally one of the greatest contemporary novelists of his time. William Faulkner's accomplishments resulted not only from his love and devotion to writing, but also from family, friends, and certain uncontrollable events. William Faulkner's life is an astonishing accomplishment; however, it is crucial to explore his life prior to his fixated writing career (Mack 1794-1798). In 1905, Faulkner entered the first grade at the tender age of eight, and immediately showed signs of talent. He not only drew an explicitly detailed drawing of a locomotive, but he soon became an honor-roll student. Throughout his early education, he would work conscientiously at reading, spelling, writing, and arithmetic. However, he especially enj oyed drawing. When Faulkner got promoted to the third grade, skipping the second grade, he was asked by his teacher what he wanted to be when he grew up. He replied, I want to be a writer just like my great granddaddy(Minter 18). Faulkner took interest in poetry around 1910, but no one in Oxford, Mississippi, could tell him hat to do with his poems. Faulkner, who was very talkative, would always entertain Estelle Oldham by telling her vividly imaginary stories. Eventually, Faulkner grew very fond of Estelle. She became the sole inspirer and recipient of Faulkner's earlier poems. Not long after Faulkner began seeing Estelle regularly, he met a man named Phil Stone who was dating one of Estelle's friends, Katrina. Katrina had told Stone about Faulkner and his poetry. So one afternoon, Stone went to Faulkner's house to get to know him better, and during his visit he received several written verses from Faulkner's poetry. Stone not only became a very close friend of Faulkner's, but also a mentor to the young writer at the beginning of his career. Stone immediately gave the potential poet encouragement, advice, and models for his study of literature (Minter 29). As Faulkner grew older he began to lose interest in his schoolwork and turned his attention to athletics, such as football and baseball, which caused his grades to start to fall. Eventually, he quit both athletics and school altogether. In 1919, his first literary work was acknowledged and published. The poem is a forty-line verse with a French title that acknowledges the influence of the French Symbolists. From Mallarme he took the title of his first published poem; from Verlaine's 'Le Faune' he took the central device of The Marble Faun(Minter 36). The Marble Faun brings Pastoral art and modern aestheticism into a conjunction that not only exposes the weaknesses of pastoral poetry, particularly its artificiality, but also establishes the pertinence of those weaknesses to our understanding of modern aesthe ticism(Minter 36). Faulkner enrolled at the University of Mississippi, and did not let his academic years distract him from writing more poems. The Mississippian, the student paper, published Landing in Luck. The short story, nine pages in length were created directly from his direct experience in the Royal Air Force flight training in 1916. After awhile he began to get tired of school once again. He started cutting classes and finally stopped going. In the summer of 1921, Faulkner decided to take a trip to New York to receive some professional instruction from editors and critics, because Stone was busy with his academic studies. Faulkner stayed in New York and shared an incredibly small apartment with a man named Stark Young (Minter 35-40). During Faulkner's stay in New York, Stone became worried about him and his financial troubles. So Stone immediately went to work on behalf of his friend and became the Assistant District Attorney. Within a few months, his restlessness had taken him back to Oxford and the most improbable job he would ever hold(Minter 42). Stone pulled some strings and got Faulkner appointed to the job of postmaster at the university post office. Even as postmaster, Faulkner still found time to write. When Faulkner finished the typescript for Soldier's Pay, he it sent

Free Essays on Tragic Hero

Art defines the advancement of humankind. Art instructs, reveals the truth, and expresses the highest feelings of humankind. Sophocles, the author of â€Å"Oedipus Rex,† and Aeschylus, the author of â€Å"Promethus Bound† and â€Å"Agamemnon† were both masters of art, weaving the effects of discord between brash humans and divine entities. Their plays unveil the cold reality of the vulnerability of humans, which shadows Aristotle’s idea of tragedy. Aristotle believed that tragedy is a representation of terrible and piteous events arousing sorrow and fear. The conscious and unconscious actions of man are what precipitates events and future actions. Clytemnestra, Prometheus, and Oedipus Rex are all protagonists who evoke pity and fear due to their mixed natures, partly good and partly bad. The tragedy in a plot does not rise out of the characters themselves, but instead tests characters through destiny. Under inescapable fate, the moral characters of individuals are truly exposed, separating tragic heroes from tragic characters. Oedipus Rex is a tragic hero because his attempt to escape fate, an offensive mortal sin to the gods, ultimately leads to his demise. However, before Oedipus ignores the will of the gods, he establishes himself as a moral and upright person. For instance, upon discovery of the oracle’s prediction, Oedipus flees Corinth to avoid killing Polybus and marrying Merope, the people he believes to be his parents. This sacrifice for his adoptive parents displays Oedipus’ virtue. Next, once arriving at the town of Thebes, the townspeople revere Oedipus as a hero for bravely expelling the plague by solving the Sphinx’s riddle. He secures a reputation as an intelligent, brave, and just leader. Oedipus’ nobility is emphasized further by his determination to punish Laius’ murderer appropriately. Unfortunately, a young victim of illusion, Oedipus spurns those who actually know the truth, believing he is above his ... Free Essays on Tragic Hero Free Essays on Tragic Hero Art defines the advancement of humankind. Art instructs, reveals the truth, and expresses the highest feelings of humankind. Sophocles, the author of â€Å"Oedipus Rex,† and Aeschylus, the author of â€Å"Promethus Bound† and â€Å"Agamemnon† were both masters of art, weaving the effects of discord between brash humans and divine entities. Their plays unveil the cold reality of the vulnerability of humans, which shadows Aristotle’s idea of tragedy. Aristotle believed that tragedy is a representation of terrible and piteous events arousing sorrow and fear. The conscious and unconscious actions of man are what precipitates events and future actions. Clytemnestra, Prometheus, and Oedipus Rex are all protagonists who evoke pity and fear due to their mixed natures, partly good and partly bad. The tragedy in a plot does not rise out of the characters themselves, but instead tests characters through destiny. Under inescapable fate, the moral characters of individuals are truly exposed, separating tragic heroes from tragic characters. Oedipus Rex is a tragic hero because his attempt to escape fate, an offensive mortal sin to the gods, ultimately leads to his demise. However, before Oedipus ignores the will of the gods, he establishes himself as a moral and upright person. For instance, upon discovery of the oracle’s prediction, Oedipus flees Corinth to avoid killing Polybus and marrying Merope, the people he believes to be his parents. This sacrifice for his adoptive parents displays Oedipus’ virtue. Next, once arriving at the town of Thebes, the townspeople revere Oedipus as a hero for bravely expelling the plague by solving the Sphinx’s riddle. He secures a reputation as an intelligent, brave, and just leader. Oedipus’ nobility is emphasized further by his determination to punish Laius’ murderer appropriately. Unfortunately, a young victim of illusion, Oedipus spurns those who actually know the truth, believing he is above his ...

Wholesale Medical Marijuana Distribution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wholesale Medical Marijuana Distribution - Essay Example The farm produces the marijuana and sells it to retail stores in Denver and Colorado. The farm processes its product to improve its quality before selling it to producers. The company aims at the production of high quality marijuana that satisfies the target market demands. The targets of the business include the adult recreational marijuana users and the medical institutions that require marijuana (Hutchison, 2014). The company aims at satisfaction of customers and improved quality in the marijuana medical products. The mission statement of the business is the selling of high-quality marijuana to the market and foster customer satisfaction. This through customer valuation and enhancing accountability in the delivery of the product. The priority of the company are the customers, rather than the company. The marketing goals are to deliver the medical marijuana at all medical institutions in Colorado and Denver by the end of the year. The goal is also to provide customer satisfaction through the evaluation of the customer demands in different business settings (Beesley, 2013). Another goal is to ensure that the potential customer is informed about the business and its value in the medical field. The company is among the few that have been allowed to deliver marijuana on a wholesale scale in Colorado and Denver. The online market has been incorporated into the company to ensure easy access to the product. The medical market has also revolutionised and has a high demand of marijuana. Beesley, C. (2013). Sole Proprietorship – Is this Popular Business Structure Right for You? The U.S Small Business Administration. http://www.sba.gov/blogs/sole-proprietorship-popular-business-structure-right-you Hutchison, B. (17th January, 2014). Medical Marijuana Production in Canada set for Dramatic Change. National Post. Accessed 31st August 2014. http://news.nationalpost.com/2014/01/17/medical-marijuana-production-in-canada-set-for-dramatic-change/ Krizman, R. (2009).